As a software developer, mastering Git commands is crucial for efficient version control and collaboration. Here’s a detailed list of Git commands you’ll find yourself using frequently:
1. Differences
Shows the differences between the working directory and the staging area. It helps you see what changes have been made to your files that are not yet staged for commit.
git diff
Example:
git diff file_nameThis command will show the differences in the specified file.
2. Commit message
Commits all staged changes to the repository with a message describing the changes.
git commit -m "commit message"
Example:
git commit -m "Fixed bug in user authentication"3. Status of Changes
Displays the state of the working directory and the staging area. It shows which changes have been staged, which haven’t, and which files aren’t being tracked by Git.
git status4. Add File Path
Adds a file or files to the staging area, preparing them for a commit.
git add file_path
Example:
git add index.htmlThis command stages index.html for commit.
5. Create New Branch
Creates a new branch and switches to it.
git checkout -b branch_name
Example:
git checkout -b feature/login6. Switch to Existing Branch
Switches to an existing branch
git checkout branch_name
Example:
git checkout develop7. Modify Commits
Modifies the most recent commit. This can be used to change the commit message or to add new changes to the last commit.
git commit --amend
Example:
git commit --amend -m "Updated commit message"8. Git Push
Pushes the specified branch to the remote repository named “origin”.
git push origin branch_name
Example:
git push origin feature/login9. Git Pull
Fetches changes from the remote repository and merges them into the current branch.
git pull10. Git Rebase
Rebases interactively, allowing you to edit, squash, or reorder commits.
git rebase -i commit_id
Example:
git rebase -i HEAD~3This command will start an interactive rebase of the last three commits.
11. Clone Repository
Creates a local copy of a remote repository.
git clone repository_url
Example:
git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git12. Merge
Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
git merge branch_name
Example:
git merge feature/login13. Statistics
Shows the commit logs with statistics about the changes.
git log --stat14. Git Stash
Stashes changes in the working directory so you can work on something else without committing those changes.
git stash15. Git Stash Pop
Applies the stashed changes and removes them from the stash list.
git stash pop16. Git show commit_id
Shows details about a specific commit.
git show commit_id
Example:
git show 1a2b3c4d17. Git reset HEAD~1
Undoes the last commit, preserving the changes locally.
git reset HEAD~118. Create a patch file
Creates a patch file for a specific commit.
git format-patch -1 commit_id
Example:
git format-patch -1 1a2b3c4d19. Apply Patch File
Applies changes from a patch file.
git apply patch_file_name
Example:
git apply fix.patch20. Delete Branch
Deletes a branch forcefully.
git branch -D branch_name
Example:
git branch -D feature/login21. Reset
Undoes commits by moving the branch reference to a previous state.
git reset commit_id
Example:
git reset 1a2b3c4d22. Revert
Undoes changes by creating a new commit that reverses the changes.
git revert commit_id
Example:
git revert 1a2b3c4d23. Paste Changes
Applies changes from a specific commit to the current branch.
git cherry-pick commit_id
Example:
git cherry-pick 1a2b3c4d24. Lists all Branches
Lists all branches in the repository.
git branch25. Reset
Resets everything to a previous commit, erasing all uncommitted changes.
git reset --hard commit_id
Example:
git reset --hard 1a2b3c4dBy incorporating these commands into your workflow, you’ll be able to manage your projects more effectively and collaborate seamlessly with your team.